Fotoğraf Afrika'daki açlığı çok net ve acı bir biçimde vurguluyor. Bu küçük afrikalı çocuk bir kilometre öteki Birleşmiş Milletler yardım kampına yürürken artık açlıktan bitap düşmüş. Daha da kötüsü arkasında onun ölmesini bekleyen bir akbaba var... Fotoğraf 1994 yılında Somali'de Amerikalı bir gazeteci olan Kevin Carter tarafından çekilmiş ve Kevin Carter bu fotoğraf ile "Pulitzer ödülünü" kazanmış. Hikayenin en acı tarafıysa Kevin Carter Somali'den dönünce bir süre bu çocuğu araştırmış fakat bulamamış. Orada gördüklerinden çok etkilenen Amerikalı gazeteci bir süre sonra derin deprosyana girmiş ve 3 ay sonra hayatına son vermiş.

13 Ekim 2009 Salı

GAZ LAMBASI'NIN TARİHİ


GAZ LAMBASININ İLK ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI

Gaz lambalarının ilk ortaya çıkışı, 18. yüzyılın başlarına
denk gelir.

Yassılaştırılmış bir fitili gaz tankının içinden geçirerek,
en üste ise koruyucu bir şişe ekleyerek gaz lambalarına ilk
formunu İsviçre vatandaşı Argand vermiştir.

Tabii, 1775’te Léger ve Alstroemer tarafından ayrı ayrı bulunan
yassı fitilin de, bu buluşun ortaya çıkmasına katkısı büyüktür.

Türkiye’de ise, 1800’lü yılların sonlarına doğru ev, dükkân ve kahvehanelerde gaz lambaları ile aydınlatma yapıldığını biliyoruz.

Kudret Emiroğlu’nun ‘Gündelik Hayatımızın Tarihi’ başlıklı
eserinden de, 1900’lü yılların ortalarında Türkiye’de beş milyona
yakın gaz lambası tankı ve şişesi üretildiğini öğreniyoruz.

Ancak bu tarihlerde üretimine devam edilen bir diğer gaz lambası
çeşidi daha vardı. Bunlar şişesi olmayan, ancak yine gaz yardımı ile ateşlenen lambalardı. Bu tip lambalar, içine gaz konulan bir tanktan, fitilin dışarı uzanmasına yarayan delik veya deliklerden oluşur ve daha çok ‘kandil’ adıyla anılırdı.

Gaz lambaları beş parçadan oluşur. En altta küçük bir gaz tankı,
hemen üzerine eklenmiş bir gaz ayar çarkı, çarkı da içine alan gaz deposu, çarkın içinden geçerek şişenin içine giren bir fitil ve en üstte, alevi koruyacak ince ve kırılgan gaz lambası şişesi. Aslında gaz
lambaları ile ilgili en önemli ayrıntılardan birisi de bu şişelerdir...
Çünkü bir gaz lambasının şişesini değiştirmek veya yenilemek
lambanın orijinalliğini bozacaktır. (alıntı)

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